Formatted input/output statement

1)      printf() :- printf() is a inbuilt function that is responsible to display contents or statement on monitor as a following format:-

Syntax:- To display contents/ statements on monitor

printf(“contents”);

 

NOTE:- (i) Statements or contents must be enclosed within double quotes.

                (ii)An inbuilt function printf reside into header file stdio.h.

Example:- Write a program to display a message “Welcome to C “ on standard output device i.e monitor.

solⁿ                             void main()

                                {

                                clrscr();

                                printf(“Welcome to C”);

                                getch();

                                }

Output-------- Welcome to C

2)      scanf():-Accepting vaues from keyboard

The C compiler provides an inbuilt function named scanf() i.e used as a following format to accept values from keyboard.

Syntax:- To accept values from keyboard

printf(“message prompt”); scanf(“format specifier”,&variable name);

 

                                                                                                                                                                       

NOTE:-  (i) In a scanf a format specifier ensure total number and types of values required from keyboard.

       (ii)Ampersand(&) operator is specially used for drop an address of variable.

Example:- void main()

                        {

                        int a=10;

                        clrscr();

                        printf(“Value of a= %d”,a);

                        printf(“\n address of a=%u”,&a);

                        getch();

                        }

Output-------à         value of a= 10

                                                Address of a = 65524

3)      comma(,):- A comma is used as following 2 bit:-

(i)                  Use as a separator

(ii)                Use as operator

(i)                  Use as a separator:- A comma is used as a following way to separate more than one values in single line.

Example:- int a,b,c;

[Here comma separate 3 integer type variable.]

(ii)                Use as a operator:- When comma(,) is used as an operator then it perform an operation as a following way:-

a)      It performs an operation left to right.

b)      It returns value of last statement.

Example:- int a=10,r;

     (a)    r= a,a=20,++a;

printf(“r=%d,a=%d”,r,a);

Output-------------à r=10,a=21

     (b)   r= (a,a=20,++a);

printf(“r=%d,a=%d”,r,a);

Output-------------à r=21,a=21

     (c)    r= printf(“\n %d”,printf(“wel”),printf(“\ncome”)));

printf(“\nr=%d”,r);

Output---------à wel

                                come

                                5

                                r=2

     (d)   r=(printf(“come”,printf(“wel”));

printf(“\nr=%d”,r);

Output---------à comewel

                r=3

     (e)   printf(“%d\n%d”,printf(“Welcome\n%s%c”,”To”,’C’),printf(“Frndzone”),printf(“Education”)));

printf(“\nr=%d”,r);

Output-------------à FrndzoneEducationWelcome

                                        ToC11

                                        9

                                         r=4