Format Specifier for C

A character preceded with “%” is known as format specifier. A format specifier is responsible to accept a value from outside/keyboard and it ensure the following three things:-

(i)                  Type of outside value.

(ii)                Total  number of outside value.

(iii)               If coming value is not as a format specifier automatically cast coming value into its compatible value.

Format Specifier                                  Description

%c                                          To accept single character

%d                                          To accept signed integer(range -32768 to 32767)

%u                                          For unsigned integer(range 0 to 65535)

%s                                           For string

%f                                           For fractional (float type)

%ld                                         For long integer

%lf                                          For fractional (double type)

%x                                          For hexadecimal(small letter)

%X                                         For hexadecimal(capital letter) 

%#x                                        For hexadecimal(preceded by 0x,small letter)

%#X                                       For hexadecimal(preceded by 0x,capital letter)

%o                                          For octal 

%#O                                       For octal(preceded by 0)

%%                                        For displaying % sign

Explanation:-

1)      void main()

{

char ch=’A’;

clrscr();

printf(“ASCII of%c: is :%d”,ch,ch);

getch();

}

Output---à ASCII value of A is 65

     2)      void main()

{

clrscr();

printf(“%c:%d”,65,65);

getch();

}

Output-----à A:65

     3)      void main()

{

int a=25;

float b=7.5;

clrscr();

printf(“a=%d,b=%f”,a,b);

printf(“value of b=%b”,b);

getch();

}

Output--------à a=25,b=7.5

                                value of b=0

     4)      void main()

{

clrscr();

printf(“Wel%s\n%s\n%c”,”come”,”To”,’C’);

getch();

}

Output------à Welcome

                                To

                                C

     5)      void main()

{

int a=31;

clrscr();

printf(“Value of a=%d”,a);

printf(:\n hexa=%x,HEXA=%X”,a,a);

printf(:\n hexa=%#x,HEXA=%#X”,a,a);

printf(:\n octal=%o,OCTAl=%#O”,a,a);

getch();

}

Output-------à Value of a=31

                                hexa=1f,HEXA=1F

                                hexa=0x1f,HEXA=0x1F

                                octal=37,OCTAl=037